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When turning low-carbon steel, if the tool chip breaker cannot form a large enough shear angle to curl the chips away from the rake face of the blade, it will produce growing chips and form chip nodules on the surface of the indexable blade. The chip build-up will play the role of tool extension to change the size of the part and deteriorate the surface finish of the workpiece. Generally, the parameters of cutting depth and feed rate can be conservatively pre-selected according to the accuracy requirements.
Discontinuous chips will be produced when turning medium carbon steel, and the surface quality of the workpiece is better than that of low carbon steel, but the cutting force and tool wear will increase with the increase of carbon content and hardness. Therefore, when the workpiece hardness increases, the cutting speed should be reduced.
When turning high carbon steel, due to the high carbon content, the cutting force and tool wear is greater than when turning medium carbon steel. Therefore, a lower cutting speed should be adopted to reduce tool wear. Similar to cutting low and medium carbon steel, the corresponding cutting speed should be adopted for workpieces with different hardness.
Since some micropores and microcracks will be formed in the chip forming process, and these micro defects diffuse into the cutting layer of the workpiece, increasing the phosphorus content and dissolving the phosphorus in the iron can promote chip breaking, which is conducive to avoiding the formation of long tendril chips and obtaining better surface finish.
